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From the Townsend Letter
May 2013

Letter to the Editor
Response to Wright and Klug
by Jacob Schor, ND, FABNO
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Page 1

Notes
1.  Meilahn EN, De Stavola B, Allen DS, et al. Do urinary oestrogen metabolites predict breast cancer? Guernsey III cohort follow-up. Br J Cancer. 1998 Nov;78(9):1250–1255.
2.  Muti P, Bradlow HL, Micheli A, et al. Estrogen metabolism and risk of breast cancer: a prospective study of the 2:16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Epidemiology. 2000 Nov;11(6):635–640.
3.  Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Danielson ME, et al. Estrogen metabolites and the risk of breast cancer in older women. Epidemiology. 2003 Nov;14(6):740–744.
4.  Wellejus A, Olsen A, Tjonneland A, Thomsen BL, Overvad K, Loft S. Urinary hydroxyestrogens and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women: a prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Sep;14(9):2137–2142.
5.  Modugno F, Kip KE, Cochrane B, et al. Obesity, hormone therapy, estrogen metabolism and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2006 Mar 1;118(5):1292–1301.
6.  Eliassen AH, Missmer SA, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE. Circulating 2-hydroxy- and 16alpha-hydroxy estrone levels and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Aug;17(8):2029–2035.
7.  Arslan AA, Shore RE, Afanasyeva Y, Koenig KL, Toniolo P, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Aug;18(8):2273–2279.
8.  Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Shore RE, Afanasyeva Y, et al. Postmenopausal circulating levels of 2- and 16a-hydroxyestrone and risk of endometrial cancer. Br J Cancer. 2011 Oct 25;105(9):1458–1464. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.381. Epub 2011 Sep 27.
9.  Obi N, Vrieling A, Heinz J, Chang-Claude J. Estrogen metabolite ratio: Is the 2-hydroxyestrone to 16a-hydroxyestrone ratio predictive for breast cancer? Int J Womens Health. 2011 Feb 8;3:37–51.
10. Shermer M. How anecdotal evidence can undermine scientific results: why subjective anecdotes often trump objective data. Sci Am. July 2008.
11.  Qian X, Song JM, Melkamu T, Upadhyaya P, Kassie F. Chemoprevention of lung tumorigenesis by intranasally administered diindolylmethane in A/J mice. Carcinogenesis. Epub 2013 Jan 12.
12.  Chen D, Banerjee S, Cui QC, Kong D, Sarkar FH, Dou QP. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is associated with human prostate cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47186.
13.  Kandala PK, Srivastava SK. Regulation of macroautophagy in ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by controlling glucose regulatory protein 78 and AMPK. Oncotarget. 2012 Apr;3(4):435–449.
14.  Beaver LM, Yu TW, Sokolowski EI, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Ho E. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane, but not indole-3-carbinol, inhibits histone deacetylase activity in prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Sep 15;263(3):345–351.
15.  Sun Y, Cheng MK, Griffiths TR, et al. Inhibition of STAT signalling in bladder cancer by diindolylmethane - relevance to cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2013 Jan 1;13(1):57–68.
16.  Bell MC, Crowley-Nowick P, Bradlow HL, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of indole-3-carbinol in the treatment of CIN. Gynecol Oncol. 2000 Aug;78(2):123–129.
17.  Sepkovic DW, Stein J, Carlisle AD, Ksieski HB, Auborn K, Bradlow HL. Diindolylmethane inhibits cervical dysplasia, alters estrogen metabolism, and enhances immune response in the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Nov;18(11):2957–2964.
18.  Sepkovic DW, Stein J, Carlisle AD, et al. Results from a dose-response study using 3,3'-diindolylmethane in the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model: cervical histology. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2011 Jun;4(6):890–896.
19.  Sepkovic DW, Raucci L, Stein J, et al. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane increases serum interferon-g levels in the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model for cervical cancer. In Vivo. 2012 Mar–Apr;26(2):207–211.
20.   Xue L, Pestka JJ, Li M, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane stimulates murine immune function in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Biochem. 2008 May;19(5):336–344. Epub 2007 Aug 17.
21.   Chen DZ, Qi M, Auborn KJ, Carter TH. Indole-3-carbinol and diindolylmethane induce apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells and in murine HPV16-transgenic preneoplastic cervical epithelium. J Nutr. 2001 Dec;131(12):3294–3302.
22.   Ho GH, Luo XW, Ji CY, Foo SC, Ng EH. Urinary 2/16 alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio: correlation with serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and a potential biomarker of breast cancer risk. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1998 Mar;27(2):294–299.
23.   Kabat GC, Chang CJ, Sparano JA, et al. Urinary estrogen metabolites and breast cancer: a case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Jul;6(7):505–509.
24.   Muti P, Bradlow HL, Micheli A, et al. Estrogen metabolism and risk of breast cancer: a prospective study of the 2:16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Epidemiology. 2000 Nov;11(6):635–640.
25.   Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Danielson ME, et al. Estrogen metabolites and the risk of breast cancer in older women. Epidemiology. 2003 Nov;14(6):740–744.
26.   Wellejus A, Olsen A, Tjonneland A, Thomsen BL, Overvad K, Loft S. Urinary hydroxyestrogens and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women: a prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Sep;14(9):2137–2142.
27.   Eliassen AH, Missmer SA, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE. Circulating 2-hydroxy- and 16alpha-hydroxy estrone levels and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Aug;17(8):2029–2035.
28.   Modugno F, Kip KE, Cochrane B, et al. Obesity, hormone therapy, estrogen metabolism and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2006 Mar 1;118(5):1292–1301.
29.   Arslan AA, Shore RE, Afanasyeva Y, Koenig KL, Toniolo P, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Aug;18(8):2273–2279.
30.   Lehrer J. The truth wears off: is there something wrong with the scientific method? New Yorker. Dec 13, 2010. Available at http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/12/13/101213fa_fact_lehrer.

 

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